Minimal Invasive Surgery ( MIS )
Small Incisions: One of the hallmarks of MIS is the use of small incisions, typically ranging from a few millimeters to a few centimeters in length, instead of large, open incisions used in traditional surgery. These small incisions are made strategically to access the surgical site.
Specialized Instruments: Minimally invasive procedures often utilize specialized instruments, including miniature cameras (endoscopes) and long, slender surgical tools with built-in lights and cameras (laparoscopic or robotic-assisted instruments). These instruments allow surgeons to visualize the surgical site and perform precise maneuvers through small incisions.
Endoscopic Techniques: Endoscopy involves inserting a flexible or rigid tube equipped with a camera and light source (endoscope) into the body through a small incision or natural body opening. Endoscopic procedures are commonly used for diagnostic purposes (e.g., colonoscopy, arthroscopy) as well as therapeutic interventions (e.g., removing polyps, repairing tissue).
Laparoscopic Surgery: Laparoscopic surgery is a type of MIS commonly used for abdominal procedures. It involves inserting a laparoscope and surgical instruments through small incisions in the abdomen to perform surgeries such as gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy), appendix removal (appendectomy), hernia repair, or gastric bypass surgery.
Robotic-Assisted Surgery: Robotic-assisted surgery combines the precision of robotic technology with the skill of the surgeon. The surgeon controls robotic arms equipped with surgical instruments and a camera from a console, allowing for enhanced dexterity, visualization, and precision. Robotic-assisted surgery is used for various procedures, including prostatectomy, hysterectomy, and cardiac surgery.
Benefits of MIS: Minimally invasive surgery offers several advantages over traditional open surgery, including:
- Reduced blood loss and risk of transfusions
- Smaller incisions, leading to less scarring and reduced risk of infection
- Quicker recovery times and shorter hospital stays
- Reduced postoperative pain and discomfort
- Earlier return to normal activities and work
Indications: Minimally invasive surgery can be used to treat a wide range of conditions across different medical specialties, including general surgery, gynecology, urology, orthopedics, and neurosurgery. Common procedures include appendectomy, hernia repair, hysterectomy, prostatectomy, joint replacement, and spinal surgery.
Patient Selection: Not all patients or conditions are suitable for minimally invasive surgery. Patient selection depends on factors such as the type and severity of the condition, the patient’s overall health, and the surgeon’s expertise. In some cases, traditional open surgery may be necessary for optimal outcomes.